X‐Ray Photoelectron Valence Band Studies on Phthalocyanine Compounds

Abstract X‐ray photoelectron (XPS or ESCA) spectra of the valence bands are measured from the monomeric β‐modification of H 2 Pc (H 2 C 32 H 16 N 8 ), FePc, CoPc, NiPc, CuPc, and the monomeric α‐modification of PtPe. In the valence bands contributions from d‐like central metal orbitals can be distinguished from the more strongly bound 2pπ and 2pσ electrons of the outer rings; the 2p‐electron spectra appear to be a superposition of the spectra of benzene and pyrrole, the constituents of phthalocyanines.