Structural models for intermediate care areas

OBJECTIVE: To describe structural models of intermediate care units used for critically ill patients. DATA SOURCES: Three multidisciplinary units with varying structures and functions of intermediate care areas (ICAs) are described. DATA SYNTHESIS: Advantages and limitations for each of the three models are outlined. The structural models described are the conventional isolated ICA model, the parallel model, and the integrated model of ICA. CONCLUSION: Each structural model has advantages and limitations. Selection of the appropriate ICA model for an institution depends on the specific circumstances and needs of the institution. Each of the three models can facilitate improved utilization of critical care resources.