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In this article focus is set on competences as productive resources in firms. The concept of competence is defined, and central properties of competences outlined. Thereafter the notion of the competence portfolio of the firm is introduced and ways of extending the portfolio through external alliances delineated. This leads to a discussion of the relationship between individual and collective competences on the one hand and competence mobility and competitive advantage on the other. Finally, implications for practice are highlighted through contrasting a traditional perspective on management of competence resources with an alternative, future-oriented perspective.
Nordhaug et al. (Tue,) studied this question.