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In search of a common denominator for nation, race, nationality, people, the ethnic type of cumulative groups is construed as a device of further sociological, research. The ethnic group appears as a subtype of the Gemeinschaft, which is formed by the transposition of characteristics from the primary face-do-face group to the secondary group. Once the ethnic group has reached a certain maturity, the ideology which has led to its formation, as well as other conditions necessarily present in the early stages, may change without affecting its identity.
E. K. Francis (Sat,) studied this question.