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We describe an experimental investigation of various methods of using the non-intrusive particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology to obtain the acceleration field of fluid flows and particularly the force being exchanged between a fluid flow and its boundaries. Methods based on the Lagrangian and the Eulerian specifications respectively have been developed, applied to experiments and compared. The experiments were performed by using a four-CCD-camera system designed to acquire between two and four frames in a fast time sequence, to provide single- or multiple-exposure PIV images of general fluid flows. The experiments involved various types of surface waves impinging upon a vertical wall at the end of a flume. Simultaneous monitoring with various transducers provided the experimental evaluation of the force predictions, whereas numerical simulations and PIV measurements have been used to validate the techniques for determining accelerations.
Jakobsen et al. (Mon,) studied this question.