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Electric utilities are employing large fossil and nuclear generating plants which are difficult to cycle to follow load. Additionally, it is very expensive to provide regulation with large fossil plants and government regulations prohibit the use of nuclear plants for regulation. The inability to cycle large plants produces a need for energy storage devices. Currently, several projects are underway to develop batteries to provide energy storage for peak shaving and load leveling. The batteries have a fast rate of response and therefore can potentially be used to provide regulation, thus improving the area control error (ACE)
Yau et al. (Thu,) studied this question.
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