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Four normal-hearing young adults have been extensively trained in the use of a tactile speech-transmission system. Subjects were tested in the recognition of various phonetic elements including vowels, and stop, nasal, and fricative consonants under three receiving conditions; visual reception alone (lipreading), tactile reception alone, and tactile plus visual reception. Subjects were artificially deafened using earplugs and white noise and all speech tokens were presented live voice. Analysis of the data demonstrates that the tactile transform enables receivers to achieve excellent recognition of vowels in CVC context and the consonantal features of voicing and nasality. This, in combination with high recognition of vowels and the consonantal feature place of articulation through visual reception, leads to recognition performance in the combined condition (visual plus tactual) which far exceeds either reception condition in isolation.
Sparks et al. (Sun,) studied this question.