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Introduction Overview and Summary Forty Acres and a Mule: Placing a Price Tag on Oppression Economic History and the Current Benefits and Costs of Slavery Past History and Current Policy: The Legacy of Slavery Who Pays for Slavery? An Appraisal of the Estimated Rates of Slave Exploitation Slavery and the Economics of Discrimination Black Labor in the American Economy since Emancipation: What Are the Legacies of History? A Calculation and Comparison of the Current Benefits of Slavery and an Analysis of Who Benefits Estimated Present Value of Income Diverted during Slavery Black Exploitation and White Benefits: The Civil War Income Revolution Slave Exploitation in Neoclassical Economics: Criticism and an Alternative Direction Achieving Racial Equality through Restitution Racial Inequality and Reparations An Illustrative Estimate: The Present Value of the Benefits from Racial Discrimination, 1929-1969 Income Transfers: Are They Compensation for Past Discrimination? The Social Debt to Blacks: A Case for Affirmative Action What Was Lost: The Cost of Slavery and Discrimination for Blacks Achieving Parity through Reparations Conclusions Selected Bibliography Index
A Fri, study studied this question.