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Hubble Space Telescope images of asteroid 4 Vesta obtained during the favorable 1996 apparition show an impact crater 460 kilometers in diameter near the south pole. Color measurements within the 13-kilometer-deep crater are consistent with excavation deep into a high-calcium pyroxene-rich crust or olivine upper mantle. About 1 percent of Vesta was excavated by the crater formation event, a volume sufficient to account for the family of small Vesta-like asteroids that extends to dynamical source regions for meteorites. This crater may be the site of origin for the howardite, eucrite, and diogenite classes of basaltic achondrite meteorites.
Thomas et al. (Fri,) studied this question.
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