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Wars and other disasters generate at least temporary changes in the social structure. These changes may develop either in the direction of modernism and more equality or toward traditionalism and less equality. The paper analyses the effects of the Yom-Kippur War on sex roles with special emphasis on the role of women. In the Yom-Kippur War, traditionalization emphasized the centrality of the feminine family roles and relegated women to roles of lesser involvement outside the family. While this pattern fulfilled the intensified need for primary group support, it did not answer the instrumental need of the society for manpower. It also represented a reversal of the dominant ideology of sexual equality, causing feelings of frustration and dissonance among women. The war began and with one stroke all our consciousness of Women's Liberation and Equality vanished… The process was quick, we returned to the times when the man went out to war to defend his tribe, while the woman stayed home, and when he came home she had nothing left but to give love, cater to his needs, and rely on his power to defend her from all evil… Tamar Avidar, “Maariv”, 16/10/73
Bar-Yosef et al. (Thu,) studied this question.