Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
Abstract Synthetic aperture radar remote sensing is a promising tool for detection of flooding on forested floodplains. The bright appearance of flooded forests on radar images results from double-bounce reflections between smooth water surfaces and tree trunks or branches. Enhanced back scattering at L-band has been shown to occur in a wide variety of forest types, including cypress-tupelo swamps, temperate bottomland hardwoods, spruce bogs, mangroves and tropical floodplain forests. Lack of enhancement is a function of both stand density and branching structure. According to models and measurements, the magnitude of the enhancement is about 3 to 10 dB. Steep incidence angles (20°-30°) are optimal for detection of flooding, since some forest types exhibit bright returns only at steeper angles. P-band should prove useful for floodwater mapping in dense stands, and multifrequency polarimetric analysis should allow flooded forests to be distinguished from marshes.
Hess et al. (Sun,) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: