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Privacy concern is still one of the major issues that prevent users from moving to public clouds. The root cause of the privacy problem is that the cloud provider has more privileges than it is necessary, which leaves no options for the cloud users to protect their privacy. Due to the same problem, once the control virtual machine or the cloud platform is compromised, all user's privacy will be breached. Many cryptographic solutions have been developed to protect sensitive data in the cloud. However, arbitrary processing is usually prohibited once cryptography is used. Homomorphic cryptography is considered promising but it does not offer practical performance at the current stage.
Li et al. (Mon,) studied this question.