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In 1901 the first description of congenital complete heart block was reported as a syndrome of slow pulse, syncopal attacks, and sudden death, often occurring in families.1 Michaëlsson and Engle's cooperative study of 599 infants and children with congenital complete heart block was published in 1972.2 The cause was obscure; speculations included tumors, fetal endocarditis, endocardial fibroelastosis, interstitial myocarditis, linkage to congenital heart defects, and genetic influences. In 1945 Plant and Steven described a case of congenital complete heart block in which the mother had systemic lupus erythematosus, but they did not ascribe a causative relationship.3 By 1977, the association . . .
Vetter et al. (Thu,) studied this question.
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