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Total mineralization is fairly low in throughfall under the canopies of old-growth spruce stands. Canopy throughfall is slightly acidic and potassium-calcium-bicarbonate, and its total dissolved solids is higher than that of rainwater collected in open areas. Rainwater collected in open areas is typically potassium-bicarbonate-sulfate, whereas creek water is calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate. Temporal variability in throughfall chemistry is similar for all stations located within blueberry-type and herb-rich blueberry-type spruce forests on podzolic soils. The chemical composition of throughfall and creek water is dominated by dissolved organic carbon.
Робакидзе et al. (Thu,) studied this question.