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The morphological stabilization of donor–acceptor blends for bulk heterojunction solar cells can be achieved by cross-linking of the small molecular phase in the polymer matrix using a polymerizable fullerene derivative. In a comparative study the morphology of polymer–fullerene blend films was investigated using poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as the polymer and C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) or the newly synthesized polymerizable fullerene derivative, C61-butyric acid glycidol ester, PCBG, as the acceptor molecule, respectively. Changes in the nanomorphology due to heat treatment of the films were studied by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and photoluminescence (PL) studies. The polymerization process was monitored with infrared absorption studies. As demonstrated by these comparative studies this newly synthesized fullerene gives considerable stabilization of the solid state morphology in these blends. Such prevention of the long term, high temperature instability of bulk heterojunction morphology displays an important route to increase the operational stability of plastic solar cells in future applications.
Drees et al. (2005) studied this question.