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A deformation-tracking impedance control strategy is discussed for applications where a manipulator interacts with environments of unknown geometrical and mechanical properties, especially with stiffness comparable to a controlled robot stiffness. Based on force-tracking impedance controls, the deformation-tracking strategy allows the control of a desired deformation of the target environment, requiring the on-line estimation of the environment stiffness. An Extended Kalman Filter is used for the estimation of the environment because of measurement uncertainties and errors in compound interaction model. The tasks presented involve full body spatial interactions with a time-varying environment stiffness. The Extended Kalman Filter and the deformation-tracking impedance control are validated in simulation and with experiments. In particular, a cooperative assembly task is also performed with a human operator acting as varying environment, i.e. unpredictably changing the handling arm stiffness.
Roveda et al. (Fri,) studied this question.