Effect of repeated transcatheter arterial embolization on the survival time in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. An analysis by the cox proportional hazard model

One hundred fifty-eight patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were treated by transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) as repeatedly as possible. Survival rates at the end of the first, second, and third year were 76.5%, 54.5%, and 41.1%, respectively. In 142 patients with repeated TAE, a significantly increased number of patients with complete necrosis of tumor was observed after repetition of the therapy. Adjusting the imbalance in prognostic factors among patients by using Cox proportional hazard model, it proved that the best response during the repeated therapy, rather than the first response, was significantly associated with survival period of the patients. Aside from the factor of response to the treatment, tumor size was the worst prognostic factor at the time when diagnosis was made. Other significant factors were portal vein invasion by HCC and bilirubin. The survival period of patients with HCC treated by repeated TAE was, therefore, affected by cancer factors, liver cirrhosis factors, and therapy-responsiveness factors. It is concluded that even if complete necrosis of tumor is not obtained after the first trial, repetition of TAE is an effective measure for prolonging of survival time in patients with HCC.