This review summarizes the molecular biology and role of atrial natriuretic peptides originating from the ANP prohormone in pathophysiological conditions such as cerebrovascular disease.
Time for primary review 32 days. Atrial natriuretic peptides (ANPs) consist of a family of peptides which are synthesized and then stored as three different prohormones (i. e. , 126 amino acid a. a. atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), 108 a. a. brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and 126 a. a. C-natriuretic peptide prohormones (CNP) prohormones) 1. The present review will concentrate on atrial peptides and especially on the natriuretic peptides originating from the ANP prohormone in pathophysiological conditions. There are several excellent recent reviews on the biochemistry and molecular biology of the natriuretic peptides 2, 3 and their physiology 4–6 so these aspects will not be reviewed in detail in the present review. ### 2. 1 Cerebrovascular disease — molecular biology of natriuretic peptides To understand which of the atrial natriuretic peptides may be associated with cerebrovascular accidents (i. e. , strokes) 7, 8 and other cardiovascular disease states, it is necessary to briefly review the molecular biology of how the respective atrial natriuretic peptides are synthesized. The gene encoding for the synthesis of atrial natriuretic peptide preprohormone consists of three exons (coding) sequences separated by two intron (intervening) sequences (Fig. 1) 9–12. Exon 1 encodes the signal peptide which is cleaved from the preprohormone (152 a. a. ) in the endoplasmic reticulum to form a prohormone of 126 a. a. , which is the storage form of the various atrial peptide hormones within tissues 11–13. Exon 1 also encodes for the first 16 amino acids of this prohormone 9–12 which after proteolytic processing of the ANP prohormone is also the first 16 a. a. of a peptide hormone named long acting natriuretic peptide (LANP) (Fig. 1). Exon 3 encodes for the terminal tyrosine (i. e. , a. a. 126 of the ANP prohormone) in humans and 3 a. a. (Try-Arg-Arg) in rat, mouse, rabbit, and cow 9–13. Exon 2 encodes for the rest of the prohormone (i. e. , a. a. 17–125 in humans) 9–13. Fig. 1 Structure of … * Tel.: +1-813-972-7624; fax: +1-813-972-7623 vesely. davidₗattampa. va. gov
David L. Vesely (Sat,) conducted a review in Pathophysiological diseases (cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases). Atrial natriuretic peptides was evaluated. This review summarizes the molecular biology and role of atrial natriuretic peptides originating from the ANP prohormone in pathophysiological conditions such as cerebrovascular disease.