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The mechanisms that control the seismic liquefaction performance of shallow foundations are identified for the special, still common case of a clay crust separating the foundation from the liquefied ground. For that purpose, foundation response is first analyzed with the nonlinear dynamic finite-difference method and consequently evaluated in connection with published field and experimental evidence. Insight is given into the excess pore-pressure buildup under the foundation, the seismic settlement accumulation, the static-bearing capacity degradation, and the inertia-induced interaction with the superstructure. It is thus shown that a naturally or artificially created nonliquefiable soil crust may effectively mitigate the detrimental effects of liquefaction and allow for a performance-based design of surface foundations, without additional improvement measures.
Karamitros et al. (Wed,) studied this question.