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Obtained self and ideal-self protocols on the Adjective Check List for 100 American Air Force officers and 95 Italian young men who were applying for a nation-wide precollege military training school. Comparison of endorsement rates for the 300 items in the ACL detected 44 that showed appreciable and similar shifts in both samples. On 31 endorsement increased and on 13 it decreased. The real-self protocols then were scored, +1 each time a positive item was checked and - 1 for each endorsement of a negative item. Self-ideal congruence was measured by the phi correlation between the two protocols from each person. Scores on the new scale correlated. 63 with phi in the American and 0.46 in the Italian samples. Ratings and adjectival descriptions by observers were available for the American sample. Their relationship to scores on the new scale suggested it to be a measure of social poise, ambition, and initiative more than of personal soundness or self-insight.
Lazzari et al. (Sat,) studied this question.