A comparative study of facial growth in Homo and Macaca

Abstract Sections were prepared throughout all areas of the various facial bones in young, growing Rhesus monkeys. The detailed distribution of resorptive and depository surfaces and the distribution of endosteal and periosteal bone tissue types were determined. From this information, the sequence of remodeling changes associated with the growth of the facial skeleton was then interpreted. This study is a sequal to previous reports in which growth and remodeling processes in the human face were described using similar procedures. In the present report, growth changes in the monkey and human facial skeleton are compared and contrasted. The general plan of facial growth is similar in both species, but major differences exist in the area of the muzzle. The maxillary arch in the monkey is entirely depository in nature, and it grows in a forward and downward direction as the maxillary tuberosity simultaneously grows backward. In the human, the forward part of the maxillary arch is resorptive in character. This contrasting growth factor results in a downward but not forward movement of this area. The result is decreased prognathism. Other differences in growth pattern exist in the forehead, malar, chin, and orbit. The developmental and phylogenetic basis for the upright human face is discussed and evaluated.