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Google-Wide Profiling (GWP), a continuous profiling infrastructure for data centers, provides performance insights for cloud applications. With negligible overhead, GWP provides stable, accurate profiles and a datacenter-scale tool for traditional performance analyses. Furthermore, GWP introduces novel applications of its profiles, such as application-platform affinity measurements and identification of platform-specific, microarchitectural peculiarities.
Ren et al. (Thu,) studied this question.