Music Therapy and Stress Reduction Research

The effects of anxiety and stress on human behavior have been widely recognized. Although stress at its optimum level can produce positive action, excess stress contributes to the development of physical ailments such as hypertension, ulcers, skin disorders, headaches, arteriosclerosis, and other life-threatening diseases. Stress may be the single most significant factor related to the increasing rate of suicide in the United States, and is considered responsible for many physical and psychological problems. This paper attempts to define anxiety, also referred to as stress and tension, and presents two models for coping with it. The role of music in palliative and instrumental modes of coping is explored. A review of music therapy and stress reduction research identifies problems in methodology and in the operational definitions of “relaxing” or “sedative” music; different techniques for measuring relaxation are also discussed. Recommendations and directions for future research cite promising areas, including electromyographic biofeedback, brainwave measurement, and behavioral observations of reduced stress. Other suggestions for experimental research are also given.