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Most computers utilize either binary, octal or hexadecimal representation for internal storage of numbers, whereas decimal format is desired for most input, output and for the representation of constants in a user language such as FORTRAN or ALGOL. The conversion of a normalized number in one base to a normalized number in another base is beset with difficulties because of the incompatibility of exact representations of a number when only a limited number of digits are available in each base.
David W. Matula (Sun,) studied this question.