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Although facility scale thermal energy storage of sensible heat in the range of 200-550 °C has achieved a high maturity, state-of- the-art approaches are still not very cost effective. An innovative storage concept is thus proposed that avoids the two major cost- driving factors of the concrete storage and 2-tank molten salt systems. First, the storage volume is comprised of low-cost sensible storage material such as concrete, natural stone or clinker bricks. These materials are several times cheaper than eutectic salt mixtures used in the 2-tank-storage system. Secondly, the system uses an intermediate air cycle, allowing for direct contact with the storage material. The necessary heat exchanger for transferring the heat from the primary oil loop to the intermediate air cycle consists of significantly less steel compared to the tube register inside the concrete storage. Dynamic models of the storage system have been implemented in a Matlab/Simulink environment to analyze its performance theoretically. The investigations show, that the overall performance and profitability of the storage system are mainly linked to the thermal efficiency and pressure drop of the heat exchanger, as well as the operation strategy. To demonstrate the feasibility of the storage concept and to investigate its performance characteristic under realistic conditions, a pilot scale test facility is set up.
Odenthal et al. (Wed,) studied this question.