The Education and the Human Capital to Get Rid of the Middle-income Trap and to Provide the Economic Development

Abstract The developing countries rising their national income to 10. 000 per capita face to two major problems: the economic development and the middle income trap. The economic development and the economic growth have been considered as equivalent terms until 1970. The economic growth is a numerical value to be able to measure the reel GDP (Gross Domestic Product) increasing rate while the economic development is a social criterion measuring the social levels of the human being such as the health, the education and the human living standard. The other problem of the developing countries achieving to the middle income level is the middle income trap. The developing countries facing to the middle income trap and aiming to the economic development can improve their human capital in order to remove it. The human capital means the aptitudes such as the knowledge and the skill to be obtained by the manpower. All these enable to increase the individual and social development and the economical prosperity. The basic condition of developing the human capital is the education and the lifelong learning. However, the more the education duration in the developing countries increases, the more the individual and social costs increase. Therefore, these countries must improve the employment during the education in order to both develop the human capital and decrease the alternative costs that would cause the education.