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We have fabricated small tunnel junctions with a variety of ratios of charging energy E₂ to Josephson coupling energy E₉ and measured their I-V characteristics. For E₂E₉, the I-V curve is resistive at all currents and the critical current is greatly reduced, in agreement with our theoretical estimates. As E₉ is further reduced by application of a magnetic field, we find a novel regime in which aspects of the Coulomb blockade of tunneling coexist with features typical of Josephson tunneling. At still higher magnetic fields, the junction becomes normal and shows the simple Coulomb blockade.
Iansiti et al. (1988) studied this question.