Does female sex influence the risk of cardiac death in black patients with coronary artery disease compared to male sex?
Survival with coronary artery disease in black women is similar to black men, but relative to members of the same sex without the disease, the prognosis for women is considerably worse than for men.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of gender on the prognosis of coronary heart disease among black patients. DESIGN: Cohort study based on a consecutive sample from a hospital registry, with a mean follow-up of 4 years. SETTING: An inner-city public hospital in Chicago, Ill. PATIENTS: The study included 1719 consecutive black patients (780 men and 939 women) who had any one of the following events: cardiac catheterization for presumed coronary heart disease, hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction, or coronary artery bypass grafting. RESULTS: Hospital and operative mortality rates following acute myocardial infarction and coronary artery bypass grafting were similar between the two sexes. The relative risks for cardiac death in women vs men were 0.88 (95% confidence interval CI, 0.60 to 1.28), 0.79 (95% CI, 0.53 to 1.17), and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.34 to 1.85) for coronary artery disease, acute myocardial infarction, and coronary artery bypass grafting, respectively, after adjusting for age, history of diabetes, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, number of diseased vessels, and ejection fraction. Compared with patients of the same sex with normal angiograms, relative risk estimates were 5.0, 10.1, and 6.3 for women and were 1.8, 4.0, and 2.0 for men in the same three groups of patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Survival with coronary artery disease in black women is similar to that observed in black men, but relative to members of the same sex without the disease, the prognosis for women is considerably worse than for men.
Youlian Liao (Wed,) studied this question.