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Abstract The volume change measurements of granular soils in triaxial testing are generally affected by penetration of the membrane enclosing the soil into the voids between the particles. The major factor influencing this penetration has been shown to be the particle size of the soil being tested. On the basis of the results of previous investigations and the present study, a relationship has been found between the membrane penetration and particle size. This relationship may be used to estimate the membrane effect for any granular soil.
Frydman et al. (Mon,) studied this question.