Introduction to International Humanitarian Law

International Humanitarian Law (IHL) is that portion of international law which is inspired by considerations of humanity. It aims to minimize the suffering of those not, or no longer, taking part in hostilities and to render the fighting more humane by restricting the use of barbaric weapons. Although the origins of contemporary IHL can be traced back to the nineteenth century, it is based on principles and practices which are much older. The two principal sources of IHL are the Hague and Geneva Conventions, the former setting out restrictions on the means and methods of warfare and the latter providing protection to certain categories of vulnerable persons. It is generally accepted that a large portion of the principles permeating IHL reflect customary international law and, in some cases, peremptory law (jus cogens). As such, it is binding on all States, irrespective of whether they have acceded to the relevant treaties. Although IHL has made a difference in protecting vulnerable individuals and restricting the means and methods of warfare, tragically, there are countless examples of violations of IHL in armed conflicts around the world and a number of other challenges still remain.