Alterations in Outer Membrane Permeability

INTRODucnON ... ......... .. . .. ........ ... ........ . .. .. ... .. ... . ......... .. ........ . 238 Structure oj the Cell Envelope 238 Uptake Arross the Outer Membrane 239 Intrinsic,Dejects in Outer Membrane Permeability in So.me Bacteria . .... ..... .. .... .. 241 MUTATIONAL ALTERATIONS IN OUTER MEMBRANE PERMEABILITy ......... 241 Porin-Deficient Mutants 242 Adaptatio'n and Resistance to Antibiotics .. . . . .. ..... : .. .. ...... .... .. ...... .. .. ...... .. .... . 243 Antibiotic-Supersensitive Mutants 246 LPS Altel 'ations 247 Other M�!tational Alterations 248 ENHANCEMENT OF OUTER MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY BY CHEMICALS AND ANTIBIOTICS 249 EDTA ..... . ....... ..... ... ... ..... ...... .. . ....... . .. .... ........ ... 249 Polymyxil' ls . ... . ..... ..... . ......... .... .. ... .. .. ..... . . ........ . . . . . : 252 Aminoglycosides .. ..... ...... , ,. 253 Tris . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . ......... ......... . . .... . ...... 253 co2+ Pretreatment and DNA Upt(lke ..... .. .... . ..... ..... ........ .. . ..... .... ....... .. . 254 Serum and/or Complement 255 Bactericil wll Permeabilityofncreasing Protein from Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes. . .. . . ...... . . . . . .. . .... . . . . . . ..... . . . . . ... . . . . ... . 255 ENERGIZATION STATE AND HYDROPHOBIC PERMEABILITy 256