Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
A distinction is made between the surface Helmholtz free energy F, and the surface tension γ. The surface energy is the work necessary to form unit area of surface by a process of division: the surface tension is the tangential stress (force per unit length) in the surface layer; this stress must be balanced either by external forces or by volume stresses in the body.
R. Shuttleworth (Mon,) studied this question.