Refinements in BaSO4 to CO2 Preparation and δ18 O Calibration of the Sulfate Reference Materials NBS‐127, IAEA SO‐5 and IAEA SO‐6

Refinements have been made to achieve over 99% yield in the conversion of CO to CO 2 in order to improve the reproducibility and accuracy of δ 18 O measurements in sulfates. BaSO 4 (10‐15 mg) was mixed with an identical amount of spectrographic‐grade graphite and loaded into a Pt boat. The mixture was gradually heated to 1100 °C to reduce sulfate to CO and CO 2 ; the former gas was simultaneously converted to CO 2 by a glow discharge between Pt electrodes immersed in a magnetic field (produced by a pair of external neodymium magnets). A small memory effect was noticed during the analysis (less than 0.3‰ per 10‰ difference in δ 18 O between two subsequently analysed samples). The memory effect, however, was suppressed by repetitive preparation of the same specimen. CO 2 produced in this way from sulfate reference samples was analysed on a dual inlet and triple collector mass spectrometer along with CO 2 equilibrated with VSMOW, GISP and SLAP water reference samples. To avoid large departures of measured isotope ratios from 18 O/ 16 O of the working calibrator we used CO 2 gas prepared from ocean water sulfate for this purpose. The calibrated δ 18 O values (in ‰) obtained in this way for NBS‐127, IAEA SO‐5 and IAEA SO‐6 reference materials were 8.73 ± 0.05, 12.20 ± 0.07 and ‐10.43 ± 0.12, respectively.