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Transparent superhydrophobic thin films with TiO2 photocatalyst were prepared by utilizing a sublimation material and subsequent coating of a (fluoroalkyl)silane. The transparency of the films decreased with increasing TiO2 concentration, which was attributed to the size difference of the starting materials. The film with only 2 wt % TiO2 maintained higher contact angle than the film without TiO2 after 1800-h outdoor exposure, the accumulation of stain being avoided due to TiO2 photocatalysis. The films prepared in this study are the first ones that satisfy the requirements of transparency, superhydrophobicity, and long lifetime simultaneously.
Nakajima et al. (2000) studied this question.