Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
Peter Grindley, David C. Mowery, Brian Silverman, SEMATECH and Collaborative Research: Lessons in the Design of High-Technology Consortia, Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, Vol. 13, No. 4 (Autumn, 1994), pp. 723-758
Grindley et al. (Sat,) studied this question.