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Essential features of interfaces to support end-user information seeking are discussed and illustrated. Examples of interfaces to support the following basic information-seeking functions are presented: problem definition, source selection, problem articulation, examination of results, and information extraction. It is argued that present interfaces focus on problem articulation and examination of results functions, and research and development are needed to support the problem definition and information extraction functions. General recommendations for research on interfaces to support end-user information seeking include: attention to multi-media information sources, development of interfaces that integrate information-seeking functions, support for collaborative information seeking, use of multiple input/output devices in parallel, integration of advanced information retrieval techniques in systems for end users, and development of adaptable interfaces to meet individual difference and multicultural needs. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Gary Marchionini (Sun,) studied this question.