Various Doppler-based echocardiographic approaches can be used to determine the optimal atrioventricular delay in patients receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy to maximize ventricular function.
This review summarizes various Doppler echocardiographic approaches to program and optimize the atrioventricular delay in patients receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is beneficial for a majority of patients with medically refractory heart failure due to severe left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction and prolonged interventricular conduction to improve symptoms and LV performance. An optimally programmed atrioventricular delay (AVD) during CRT can be also important to maximize the response in left ventricular function. Several Doppler echocardiographic methods have been reported to be useful for determination of the optimal AVD. This review will discuss the various Doppler-based approaches to program the AVD in patients that receive CRT.
Waggoner et al. (Wed,) conducted a review in Medically refractory heart failure due to severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction and prolonged interventricular conduction. Doppler echocardiographic methods for optimization of the atrioventricular delay was evaluated. Various Doppler-based echocardiographic approaches can be used to determine the optimal atrioventricular delay in patients receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy to maximize ventricular function.