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Students of education at a large West German city university (n 154) filled out the UCLA twenty-item loneliness questionnaire (revised version) and also responded to some additional questions. The scale proved satisfactory on various criteria. Average loneliness is very close to a US comparison sample, with no gender differences. (Details on individual items and on scale construction have been reported by the same authors in a German publication.) Significant correlations with self-rated shyness, social contact difficulty, and lack of physical attractiveness were found. No significant d4ffcrences between men and women were found on these correlations, though there was a trend towards higher coefficients among men.
Lamm et al. (Thu,) studied this question.