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The article focuses on a proposal concerning convergent stakeholder theory. It states that what is needed are theories that are divergent and thus utilize the point of view of stakeholder terms in showing different but useful methods of understanding organizations. It suggests that the theory in previous comments are derived in descriptive, instrumental, and normative theory. It mentions that philosophers and ethical theorists have argued that there isn't a meaningful distinction between normative and descriptive except by relying on the distinction itself.
R. Edward Freeman (Thu,) studied this question.