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The introduction of Variable Renewable Energy Sources (VRESs) such as wind to the future power portfolio can have significant effects on raising the daily net load variations and consequently may cause more operation costs as well as inefficient operation of units, and even in the worst case put the system's security at risk. On this basis, the need for a greater flexibility is essential to ensure efficient operation of the power system with significant amount of VRESs. Under this perspective, this paper presents a coordinated dispatch model in energy and reserve markets taking into account the role of bulk Battery Energy Storages (BESs) as well as Demand Response Programs (DRPs) as most favorable options in order to achieve a greater flexibility based on a Network Constrained Unit Commitment (NCUC) model. Numerical studies indicate that the coordinated operation of the existing units and the new flexible technologies could provide this additional required flexibility with a reasonable cost.
Heydarian‐Forushani et al. (Sat,) studied this question.