Effects of Home‐Based Intervention on Unplanned Readmissions and Out‐of‐Hospital Deaths

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of a home-based intervention (HBI) on the frequency of unplanned readmission and out-of-hospital death among patients discharged home from acute hospital care. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial comparing HBI with usual care (UC). SETTING: A tertiary referral hospital servicing the northwestern region of Adelaide, South Australia. PARTICIPANTS: Medical and surgical patients (n = 762) discharged home after hospitalization. INTERVENTION: Home-based intervention (n = 381) consisted of counseling of all patients before discharge followed by a single home visit (by a nurse and pharmacist) to those patients considered to be at high risk of readmission (n = 314) in order to optimize compliance with and knowledge of the treatment regimen, identify early clinical deterioration, and intensify follow-up of such patients where appropriate. MEASUREMENTS: The primary endpoint was the number of unplanned readmissions plus out-of-hospital deaths over a 6-month follow-up period. RESULTS: During the study follow-up, the major endpoint occurred most commonly in the UC group (217 vs 155 episodes: P <. 001). Overall, the HBI group demonstrated fewer unplanned readmissions (154 vs 197: P =. 022), out-of-hospital deaths (1 vs. 20: P <. 001), total deaths (12 vs. 29: P =. 006), emergency department attendances (236 vs 314: P <. 001), and total days of hospitalization (1452 vs 1766: P <. 001). There was a disproportionate reduction in multiple events among HBI patients (P =. 035). Hospital-based costs of health care during study follow-up tended to be lower in the HBI group (A2190 vs A2680 per patient: P =. 102). Mean cost of HBI was A190 per patient visited, whereas other community-based health care costs were similar for both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Among high-risk patients discharged from acute hospital care, HBI is beneficial in limiting unplanned readmissions and reducing risk of out-of-hospital death. It may be particularly cost-effective if applied selectively to patients with a history of frequent unplanned hospital admission.