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The effects of random geometric imperfections on the transmission of the TE01wave in circular waveguide are studied; the necessary theory of guides with known arbitrary imperfections is first developed. The TE01transmission statistics are determined in terms of the statistics of the various types of geometric imperfections. Both discrete mode converters — i.e., localized imperfections such as tilts, offsets, or diameter changes at joints between pipes that are perfect right-circular cylinders — and continuous geometric imperfections — such as straightness deviation, diameter variation, ellipticity, etc., that vary smoothly with distance along the guide — are considered. The average, variance, power spectrum, and probability distribution of the TE01loss-frequency curve are discussed. Continuous straightness deviation (of the individual pipes of the guide) appears to be the most serious tolerance in present copper waveguide, and a significant factor in helix guide as well. The power spectrum of the straightness deviation is all-important in determining the TE01loss due to mode conversion. Fourier components of straightness deviation having wavelengths between roughly 1.4 and 4.4 feet are the significant ones for the present 2-inch I.D. guide operated in a frequency band from 35 to 90 kmc.
Rowe et al. (Tue,) studied this question.