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Abstract In order to meet increasingly strict environmental regulations and to promote cleaner energy at their facilities, many oil, gas, and petrochemical companies are seeking to upgrade existing flares to allow smokeless flaring of hydrocarbon gases. Poor public perception of existing smoking flares increases the difficulty of operations, so upgrading systems to smokeless operation minimizes the environmental impact and improves local acceptance in urban areas. The main areas of application for these flare upgrades are harsh environments located in Russia, Africa, Middle East, South America, and other countries with high oil production capabilities and programs. Many of these areas have utility flares located in facilities where a shortage of steam or water prevents conventional smokeless steam-injection systems from being added. A new technology is needed for these kinds of applications.
Mashour et al. (Mon,) studied this question.