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Two different effective thresholds for the onset of nonlinearity in the dielectric and piezoelectric coefficients of donor-doped lead zirconate titanate (soft PZT) piezoceramics at electric ac fields Ec1≈100 V/cm and Ec2≈1 V/cm are found. Both are characterized by a scaling behavior x=x0+AE−Ec)/Ecφ above the respective threshold, where x is the dielectric or piezoelectric coefficient. The values of the effective exponent φ are apparently independent of the particular ceramic system which suggests a universal behavior in soft PZT. We suggest that the nonlinearity is dominated by the dynamics of domain walls in a randomly pinned medium.
Müller et al. (1998) studied this question.