Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
NOCEBO EFFECTS ARE ADVERSE EVENTS PRODUCED by negative expectations and represent the negative side of placebo effects.It is now recognized that nocebo effects exist and operate during routine treatments, negatively affecting clinical outcomes even when placebos are not administered.The nocebo effects and placebo effects are the direct result of the psychosocial context or therapeutic environment on a patient's mind, brain, and body.Both phenomena can be produced by multiple factors, such as verbal suggestions and past experience. 1In the case of nocebo effects, negative information and prior unsuccessful therapies may be particularly important in mediating undesirable outcomes to routine therapy.Therefore, consideration of nocebo effects in the context of patient-clinician communication and disclosure in routine practice may be valuable in both minimizing the nocebo component of a given therapy and improving outcomes.
Colloca et al. (Tue,) studied this question.