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A theoretical view of control is developed that argues that self-control is at the core of the organizational control process. Various "levels "making up the control process and issues regarding "sources"from which to initiate control attempts are considered. Also, contingency variables relevant to decisions regarding the appropriate source from which to initiate control are addressed. Overall, the need for an expanded view of control is developed; this view recognizes the importance of self-control as well as external control mechanisms and identification of an adequate fit between these two modes for each unique situation.
Manz et al. (Fri,) studied this question.