Understanding Capacitively Coupled Contactless Conductivity Detection in Capillary and Microchip Electrophoresis. Part 1. Fundamentals

Abstract Capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C 4 D) is presented in a progressively detailed approach. Through different levels of theoretical and practical complexity, several aspects related to this kind of detection are addressed, which should be helpful to understand the results as well as to design a detector or plan experiments. Simulations and experimental results suggest that sensitivity depends on: 1) the electrolyte co‐ion and counter‐ion; 2) cell geometry and its positioning; 3) operating frequency. Undesirable stray capacitance formed due to the close placement of the electrodes is of great importance to the optimization of the operating frequency and must be minimized.