Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia Among Patients Without AIDS at a Cancer Hospital

OBJECTIVES: To determine the predisposing factors, attack rate by underlying disease, and outcome of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among patients without the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at a cancer center. DATA SOURCE: Twelve-year retrospective review from a tertiary-care cancer center. STUDY SELECTION: One hundred forty patients, constituting 142 cases, with morphologically proved P carinii pneumonia. DATA SYNTHESIS: Hematologic malignancy (47%) (including lymphoma 27% and leukemia 18%), solid tumor (31%), or bone marrow transplantation (18%) was the underlying condition in the majority of cases. Twenty-five cases (18%) were diagnosed at autopsy. All but seven patients had previously established predisposing factors for P carinii pneumonia, including corticosteroid use in 87%. The attack rate for hospitalized patients with primary or metastatic brain tumor increased during the 12-year interval. The attack rates for hospitalized patients with hematologic neoplasm or bone marrow transplantation were stable. The overall mortality rate did not change during the period reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the availability of effective prophylaxis, P carinii pneumonia continues to occur among patients with neoplastic disease. In addition to patients with certain hematologic neoplasms, those with primary or metastatic brain neoplasm who receive corticosteroids are at risk for the development of P carinii pneumonia and should receive P carinii pneumonia prophylaxis.