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This paper presents the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) as a viable means of forecasting water quality parameters. A review of ANNs is given, and a case study is presented in which ANN methods are used to forecast salinity in the River Murray at Murray Bridge (South Australia) 14 days in advance. It is estimated that high salinity levels in the Murray cause US 22 million damage per year to water users in Adelaide. Previous studies have shown that the average salinity of the water supplied to Adelaide could be reduced by about 10% if pumping from the Murray were to be scheduled in an optimal manner. This requires forecasts of salinity several weeks in advance. The results obtained were most promising. The average absolute percentage errors of the independent 14‐day forecasts for four different years of data varied from 5. 3% to 7. 0%. The average absolute percentage error obtained as part of a real‐time forecasting simulation for 1991 was 6. 5%.
Maier et al. (Mon,) studied this question.