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Making of the Modern World ” at Chiang Mai University (Thailand), and four anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments on earlier drafts. In addition, we especially thank Irina and Olga Kalina for their invaluable research assistance in Moscow. 2The wheel of history has turned 180 degrees as Moscow became Russia’s first city to start sailing away from utopia and toward the nation’s rebirth.... This means that a whole layer of national culture--the lost toponymy created by our ancestors throughout the centuries--has come back (Zhigailov 1996, 162). The central memorial commemorating the Soviet victory over Nazism at Poklonnaia Gora in Moscow strikes one with visceral force. A huge dragon-like beast covered with swastikas, curled beneath a towering obelisk adorned by Nike, the goddess of victory, engages in mortal struggle with a statue of St. George on horseback (Figure 1). It forms the climactic center of the Victory Park (Park Pobedy) complex, which also contains a museum, three religious shrines, an expansive plaza, and other, smaller memorials. This imposing monument incorporates some of the most enduring symbols of
Forest et al. (Sun,) studied this question.